2 Kings 17:11

Authorized King James Version

And there they burnt incense in all the high places, as did the heathen whom the LORD carried away before them; and wrought wicked things to provoke the LORD to anger:

Word-by-Word Analysis
#1
וַיְקַטְּרוּ
And there they burnt incense
to smoke, i.e., turn into fragrance by fire (especially as an act of worship)
#2
שָׁם֙
there (transferring to time) then; often thither, or thence
#3
בְּכָל
properly, the whole; hence, all, any or every (in the singular only, but often in a plural sense)
#4
בָּמ֔וֹת
in all the high places
an elevation
#5
כַּגּוֹיִ֕ם
as did the heathen
a foreign nation; hence, a gentile; also (figuratively) a troop of animals, or a flight of locusts
#6
אֲשֶׁר
who, which, what, that; also (as an adverb and a conjunction) when, where, how, because, in order that, etc
#7
הֶגְלָ֥ה
carried away
to denude (especially in a disgraceful sense); by implication, to exile (captives being usually stripped); figuratively, to reveal
#8
יְהוָֽה׃
to provoke the LORD
(the) self-existent or eternal; jeho-vah, jewish national name of god
#9
מִפְּנֵיהֶ֑ם
before
the face (as the part that turns); used in a great variety of applications (literally and figuratively); also (with prepositional prefix) as a preposi
#10
וַֽיַּעֲשׂוּ֙
them and wrought
to do or make, in the broadest sense and widest application
#11
דְּבָרִ֣ים
things
a word; by implication, a matter (as spoken of) or thing; adverbially, a cause
#12
רָעִ֔ים
wicked
bad or (as noun) evil (natural or moral)
#13
לְהַכְעִ֖יס
to anger
to trouble; by implication, to grieve, rage, be indignant
#14
אֶת
properly, self (but generally used to point out more definitely the object of a verb or preposition, even or namely)
#15
יְהוָֽה׃
to provoke the LORD
(the) self-existent or eternal; jeho-vah, jewish national name of god

Analysis

The salvation theme here intersects with the metanarrative of redemption running from Genesis to Revelation. Biblical theology recognizes this as part of a unified storyline from the promise in Genesis 3:15 to its fulfillment in Christ. The phrase emphasizing divine sovereignty contributes to our systematic understanding of Christian doctrine and connects to the broader scriptural witness about God's saving work from the Exodus to the cross.

Historical Context

The literary and historical milieu of the literary conventions and historical circumstances of biblical literature shapes this text's meaning. The historical development of salvation within the theological tradition of 2 Kings Understanding the ancient worldview that shaped the author's theological expression helps modern readers appreciate why the author emphasizes divine sovereignty in this particular way.

Questions for Reflection

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